Proceedings on Automation in Medical Engineering
Vol. 3 No. 1 (2026): Proc AUTOMED
https://doi.org/10.18416/AUTOMED.2026.2717

18th Interdisciplinary AUTOMED Symposium in Collaboration with the TC Medical Robotics, 2717

Perspectives on Biomedical Piezoelectric Nanogenerators: A Roadmap and Benchmark

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Max Bartholdt (1) Department of Cardiothoracic Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Germany; 2) Institute of Mechatronic Systems, Leibniz University Hannover, Germany), Larissa Seegemann (1)Department of Cardiothoracic Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Germany; 2) Institute of Mechatronic Systems, Leibniz University Hannover, Germany), Sara Knigge (Department of Cardiothoracic Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School), Javad Foroughi (1) School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; 2) Department of Cardiothoracic Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Germany), Tobias Jeising (Department of Cardiothoracic Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Germany), Arjang Ruhparwar (Department of Cardiothoracic Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Germany)

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Abstract

The exponential rise in Internet-of-Things devices has highly impacted the domain of medical implants. The latter are a pillar of modern medicine and enable the treatment of many diseases and patient-specific monitoring. However, reliance on batteries that must be replaced through invasive interventions or recharged regularly places stress on the patient and may reduce patient outcomes. Energy harvesting using implantable nanogenerators has shown promise as a way to extend the lifetime of battery-driven implants or even to replace batteries in devices. This paper outlines a specific benchmark challenge and the required directions for powering deep-brain stimulators.

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