AI-enhanced EEG analysis for clinical decision support in neurology – a mini-review

Abstract

Artificial intelligence has transformed electroencephalography (EEG) analysis, with publication activity accelerating markedly since 2015 and again after 2022. This trend is driven by transformer-based architectures, foundation models for biosignals, and increasingly accessible open-source tooling. Yet, EEG-based clinical decision support systems (CDSS) only recently gained momentum. A scientific literature scan indicates a sharp rise in EEG-CDSS publications in 2025. This mini-review highlights the technological, regulatory, and infrastructural developments that now make EEG-based CDSS particularly timely and delineates the remaining challenges for their widespread adoption in clinical neurology.